Abstract Guidelines

1. Abstract is a compendious summary of a research paper’s substance including its background, purpose, methodology, results, and conclusion.

2. Abstract should be submitted in the format of MS Word

3. Abstract titles should be short, but descriptive (Times New Roman, 18 points). Abbreviations should not be used in the title.

4. Body should be written in Times New Roman, 11 points; Line spacing: 1, one column of text

5. It should be one paragraph with a word limit of 175-275.

6. Keywords (no more than 6 words) should be written in lowercase letters (Not applicable to names/scientific names) and should be separated with commas.

7. Please do not include subheadings, bullets, lists and header/footer in the abstract.

8. Acronyms should be written in full the first time, mentioned in the text, followed by the abbreviation in parentheses.

9. Always follow SI Units.

10. Scientific names must be in Italic.

11. There shall be no citations or references in the abstract specifically. If there is a need to cite references, please provide the sources in brackets.

12. Affiliations should be indicated with superscript Arabic numbers appearing at the end of surname/family name.

13. A superscript asterisk shout be used for the corresponding author

14. Names of affiliations should be given including the country.

15. If there is more than one name and address, they should be related by superscript numbers.